What does Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) measure?

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a critical parameter used in assessing the quality of wastewater, specifically in relation to the amount of organic matter present. BOD measures the quantity of oxygen that microorganisms will consume while decomposing organic matter in a specified sample of water over a set period, typically five days at a controlled temperature. A higher BOD indicates a higher level of organic pollution, which can lead to oxygen depletion in receiving waters, negatively impacting aquatic life.

The focus on organic loading is essential for evaluating the strength of wastewater, as it directly correlates with how much organic material is available for microbial activity. This information is vital for designing and operating wastewater treatment facilities, ensuring that they can adequately process the incoming organic load and protect the environmental integrity of water bodies into which treated effluent is discharged. Understanding BOD helps in managing the treatment process to enhance efficiency and reduce potential harm to ecosystems.